Taj Mahal :: essays research papers

â€Å"Taj Mahal†      I think a colossal funerary mosque of white marble, worked in Agra by request of the Mogul ruler Shah Jahan in memory of his preferred spouse, the Taj Mahal is the absolute best gem of Moslem craftsmanship in India and is one of the all around appreciated structures of the world’s legacy. Not just observe the delightful Taj Mahal from the video, I additionally knew the historical backdrop of itself and its nation. A white marble burial chamber summarizes a large number of the proper topics that have played through Islamic engineering. The video talked a great deal of the amount Shah Jahan himself and his dad cherished craftsmanship and made numerous flawless works of art. Taj Mahal’s refined style is a prominent difference to the Hindu engineering of pre-Islamic India, with its thick dividers, curves, and substantial backings. Despite the fact that Taj Mahal is the image of misery and pity, it despite everything has it excellence looks from marble and san d stone.      Taj Mahal remains in an officially spread out walled garden; I think these trees and blossoms made Taj Mahal significantly progressively delightful and gave it a look of quietness. White marble and red sandstone are extraordinary materials to be utilized for image of unceasing affection. Everything is by all accounts in equalization of itself. I think a long pool before Taj Mal gives numerous clarifications or significance of Taj Mahal. I consider reflecting Taj Mal in the long pool discloses to us that Shan Jahan would just love his better half, similar to the reflection that will just give the picture of Taj Mahal, nothing else.      The lines, for the most part bended, are in extraordinary amicability subtleties. The shading from both outside and inside could be changed as the light from the sun moves. The blossoms and Koran composed on the dividers and the entryway give individuals who visiting pondering of what is that implies. As the guests strolled pass every territory, I figure they would envision of what every regions mean from the narrative of Taj Mahal. From the video, I think a few sights of Taj Mahal make distressing sights.      I think this design is wonderful work of art. I consider Taj Mahal as craftsmanship since it joins numerous types of workmanship in one.

Typography and Formal Recommendation Report free essay sample

Given data on an innovation or business-related issue introduced for a situation study, assess and coordinate outside research to make an efficient and recorded formal systematic report or proposition utilizing at any rate six sources, including books, articles, interviews with topic specialists, and sites or databases, and set up a lot of introduction slides to go with the proposition. - 8-to 10-page Formal Recommendation Report Topic: Bearings: You may pick any of the points underneath for your Course Project†1 The organization that you work for doesn't have a site and isn't exploiting the numerous Internet promoting openings that are accessible today (the utilization of web based life locales for organizations, pay-per-click publicizing on web indexes, article showcasing, and so forth ). You choose to do some examination about the significance of utilizing the Internet to expand your company’s introduction and promoting plan, and afterward compose a proposition to the CEO delineating the advantages and the particular procedures you suggest dependent on your exploration. We will compose a custom exposition test on Typography and Formal Recommendation Report or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page 2 Write a proposition to your CEO recommending that your organization executes a â€Å"going green† program. This proposition ought to remember the advantages for the earth for general and the organization itself as far as corporate picture and citizenship. Give a rundown of procedures and the costs that may be acquired or put something aside for each green idea you suggest executing. Note that there are many green thoughts now, from reusing receptacles to permitting representatives to telecommute. It’s up to you to choose which works for the association (envisioned or genuine). 3 Your organization is thinking about employing a full-time specialized essayist. There is restriction from some administration people who feel that a specialized essayist isn't needed†¦everyone can compose, correct? It’s your business to examine and compose a proposition sketching out the advantages of employing an expert to compose records for your organization, instead of surrendering it over to â€Å"just anybody. † Beyond composing documentation, reports, and proposition, make a point to cover the assignments that numerous specialized essayists are fit for also: site the executives, preparing projects, promoting and publicizing, etc. 4 Your organization has as of late extended and the old bookkeeping programming set up is not, at this point fit for dealing with the main jobs. It’s your business to look into the different bookkeeping programming programs at present available (at any rate two) and make a suggestion. Variety: Whatever kind of programming your organization may need†¦just make it business-related. For instance, programming for visual depiction, site improvement, content administration, and so on 5 Employee turnover rates are high for some associations, and you have seen that the organization you work for is the same. Research what different associations are doing to recruit and hold great workers so as to battle the high representative turnover rate. Utilize this examination to make suggestions to the administration of your association. Crowd: The crowd for this report is an industry leader, for example, your chief or CEO, or an open policymaker, for example, a government official or civil servant, who could follow up on your suggestions or proposition. You will distinguish this leader in the Course Project theme proposition . Research: Six scholarly as well as expert research sources are required. Your exploration must comprise of an assortment of electronic sources (sites, databases, media) and customary sources (books, diaries, magazines). All sources must be refered to utilizing the American Psychological Association (APA) documentation framework. Last Report/Proposal Details As noted over, the last item will comprise of a 8-to 10-page report or proposition on a specialized or business theme from the endorsed list. The last report incorporates the accompanying. Cover sheet (one page) Cover letter (one page, a couple of passages, single separated) Table of substance including rundown of delineations (one page) Executive synopsis (one page, a few sections, single dispersed) Body of report or proposition utilizing the accompanying required segments. Presentation Discussion segments Ends and Recommendations Six research sources gave on APA arranged References page (one page). All references remembered for the Reference page must be refered to in-content. Specialized Illustration or visual, for example, an outline, chart, or picture that you have made or have found by means of scholarly research. This ought to be fuse inside the principle body of the report and be referenced in-content. Organizing Elements Single separating (or 1. 15), twofold dispersing among segments and additionally sections 12-point text dimension for principle collection of composing Arial, Calibri, Cambria, or Times New Roman textual style type Use of headings and subheadings when fitting Section length of roughly five to seven sentences Standard 1† edges Ragged right defense Multimedia PowerPoint Presentation Details You will introduce your report in a media specialized preparation †¦eight to 10 slides, incorporating presentation slide with the report title and your name; a few slides for every central matter of report; an essential end slide; utilization of full sentence, significant headings, and short words or expressions inside the body of the slides; at least two important visuals; utilization of a business-proper plan layout; and 5â€7 minutes of portrayal.

Seamless And A Seamless Transition

Seamless And A Seamless Transition [by Sadie Scheffer 10] Ive seen a plethora of Project Runway watchers around campus this IAP, and while most fans I know have expressed vague wishes of becoming fashionistas, there has been little visible upsurge in handmade apparel. I cant deny I am included in that group, with my old trusty Singer sewing machine stashed inaccessibly far beneath my bed in a case that smells like mildew. Luckily for fashion, not everyone keeps her ambitions in a box! I present to you all, eager art-readers, Seamless: Computational Couture, a smart-fashion show and excellent party put on by the Museum of Science. Co-produced by Amanda Parkes from the MIT Media Lab, Seamless had a full spectrum of designs on display, from clothing that reflected the weather to a five-person dress that turned into a living space. The first piece down the double escalator runway was a mechanical peacock costume, followed by an inflatable dress, several LED embellished garments and an umbrella that shrinks on command for space conservation. One must never waste a garment, Seamless seems to say. Clothing can be so much more than a mess of fabric! For example, Amanda Parkes piece Piezing gleans energy from the movement of the wearers body. Woven with piezoelectric film fibers, the tastefully crafted outfit stores electrical voltage in coin batteries disguised as metallic buttons. The voltage can be discharged into any portable device later. What better way to harness energy than by sporting an excellent outfit? Parkes is not the only designer reclaiming energy. Solar Vintage by Elena Corchero consists of a collection of solar paneled accessories. The pieces are each so ornate it is hard to see the solar panels as anything but decoration. The pieces charge in sun and give off ambient light displays at night. And speaking of ambient light, check out this audience member, who jazzed up his suit and hat to be a pre-show hit! So hold on Tim Gun, it looks like you are inspiring the wrong crowd! While beauty is essential, technology is totally in! And whats wrong with saving the world with a stylish hat? It seems MIT artists would be much more inspired by the challenges of Seamless smart fashion than by the creative and dead-end challenges of Project Runway! Interestingly enough Seamlesss emcee was Steven Rosengard from Season 4 of Project Runway. While a gaggle of middle school girls sitting in front of me on the floor were completely starstruck, Rosengard himself was at a loss for words watching the models coming down the escalator-runway. I guess technology has not yet entered the world of reality television and fashion class. Stick a solar panel to your shirt next time you dream of being on Project Runway, and get ahead of the game! And the game is just starting up again on campus. Today I received my toolkit for my first ever robot competition, and tomorrow I will take my first class in Toy Product Design! Friday Ill be hanging out with Frank Espinosa, author of Rocketo and visiting professor in the Comparative Media Studies program. He is teaching the last of four terms of Character Design and World-Making. On top of all that its about time to start juggling psets and extracurriculars. I co-run a visual and public art group called Cracked, under the Center for Advanced Visual Studies. CAVS has asked Cracked to plan their annual Giant Art Party, which will take place on Valentines Day. Weve decided to make an art party for giants. On our agenda are giant name tags, a massive paintbrush chandelier atop a six foot layer cake, giant art hanging on the walls, and about a hundred guests feeling very, very small indeed! I hope you all can squeeze a little bit of art-making into your semester, stop by our next Cracked meeting (there is an upcoming writing workshop, and there will of course be build nights), and good luck traversing your lovely, lovely schoolwork! I look forward to blogging for you again, Sadie P.S. The Media Labs site has a great video of the Seamless show. And of course, thank you to the MIT Office of the Arts and their Arts Scholars program for giving me the opportunity to go to this show! You can find out more about MIT arts scholars at their website.

Epidemiology And Public Health Significance - 3897 Words

Epidemiology and public health significance Worldwide obesity has more than doubled since 1980. In 2014, approximately over 600 million adults worldwide were obese. 39% of adults aged 18 years and over were overweight in 2014, and 13% were obese. Most of the world s population live in countries where overweight and obesity kills more people than underweight. 42 million children under the age of 5 were classified as obese in 2013 -WHO Among Obese Adults Age 20 and Older, United States, 2009–2010 Its estimated that Over one-third (35.7 percent) of adults are considered to be obese. More than 1 in 20 (6.3 percent) have extreme obesity. Approximately 3 in 4 men (74 percent) are considered to be overweight or obese. The prevalence of obesity is similar for both men and women (about 36 percent). Approximately 8 percent of women are considered to have extreme obesity. Estimated Percentage of Obese Youth, United States, 2009–2011 Young children ages 2 to 5 have a lower prevalence of obesity than older youth. Among young people ages 2 to 19: Approximately 16.9 percent are considered to be obese. About 18.6 percent of boys and 15 percent of girls are considered to be obese. Among children and adolescents ages 6 to 19 Almost 1 in 3 (33.2 percent) are considered to be overweight or obese, and 18.2 percent are considered to be obese. Its estimated that more than 2 in 5 black and Hispanic youth (more than 41 percent) are considered to be overweight or obese.*Show MoreRelatedEpidemiology And Public Health Significance2485 Words   |  10 PagesKyle Andrade Dr. Perrino June 23, 2015 The Obesity Epidemic 1. Epidemiology and Public Health Significance Obesity is a significant public health problem that has serious worldwide implications for health and disease. 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I am researching the significance of fast food chains being blamed for obesity rates rising, when we, in fact should be looking at the individual responsible. Rice, S., McAllister, E. J., and Dhurandhar, N. V. Fast Food: Friendly? International Journal of Obesity (2007): pp. 884-86. Academic Search Premier. Web. In this article published by the International Journal of ObesityRead MoreThe Epidemic Of John Snow And Henry Whitehead1261 Words   |  6 Pagesfor the cholera bacterium. The disease puzzled many but it was through the workings of John Snow and Henry Whitehead that resulted in a realization of the causes of the outbreak. Their methods of research were the start of greater concern over public health. Living in London in the 1800s was living in one of the most populous cities in the world. There was a massive growth of population during this time and this resulted in a sequential increase in waste produced. This was a problem. Unlike the RomansRead MorePBHE607 Exam 1 Essay1320 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Take-Home EXAM 1 Return to Assessment List Part 1 of 1 - 100.0 Points Question 1 of 25 4.0 Points Which of the following is not usually an aim of epidemiology? A.To describe the health status of the population B.To fund new public health programs C.To explain the etiology of disease D.To predict the occurrence of disease E.To control the distribution of disease Answer Key: B Question 2 of 25 4.0 Points The Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) is responsible for (give the bestRead MoreNur 405 Epidemiology Paper1870 Words   |  8 PagesEpidemiology NUR 408 Epidemiology Public health nursing allows nurses to encounter various vulnerable populations on a daily basis. In particular, the elderly make up a large portion of the population, and their vulnerability to the environment and other physical factors is a very important aspect of public health nursing. Epidemiology allows the public health nurse to study and assess vulnerable populations, including the elderly, and create interventions that maximize the health potentialRead MoreSevere Dental And Cognitive Deficits1586 Words   |  7 Pageswith medium/severe dental fluorosis has significance quite apart from the relationship of dental fluorosis to fluoride uptake. Emotional problems in children have been related to physical anomalies, including obvious oral health problems like severe tooth decay (Hilsheimer and Kurko, 1979). Cognitive deficits may sometimes be related to emotional problems and subsequent learning and behaviour problems. Quality of life measurements - particularly oral health related quality of life - are related to

Use Of Indirect Characterization in Anna Karenina Essay

Use Of Indirect Characterization in Anna Karenina Russian author, Leo Tolstoy, is famous for his novels, among them, Anna Karenina . It is said that Tolstoy reaches unsurpassed perfection in the realistic art of the novel with Anna Karenina . In the novel Anna Karenina , Tolstoy leads the reader through Anna Arkadyevna Karenins life and all the people who surround her. The reader follows Anna as she sorts out a fight between her brother Stepan and his wife Dolly. Next the reader finds themselves trailing Anna as she dances away from a Moscow ball with Count Vronskys heart. The path this novel takes then forks as the reader begins to follow Levin and his pursuit of the young and beautiful Kitty who was once a friend of†¦show more content†¦Instead of being hurt, denying, defending himself, begging for forgiveness, instead of remaining indifferent even . . . his face utterly involuntary assumed its habitual, good-humored, and therefore idiotic smile (5-6). Even though Stepans in a bad situation, his nature forces him to smile. The reader becomes more aware of Stepans good natured personality when he shows kindness to his friend Levin after he approaches Stepan at a political council meeting. Well lets go into my room, said Stepan Arkadyevitch who knew his friends sensitive and irritable shyness (29). With the character Levin, Tolstoy once again cleverly uses indirect characterization to allow the reader to look inside of him. When Levin falls into the story, he has just been caught sneaking into the political council without permission. Usually, men of good character would not need, or simply would not want to be sneaking into places where their presence is not invited. Levin is also a large man who is strongly built. The stereo type of large men is that they are confident, loud, and even boisterous. As the reader learns of Levins love for Kitty, their opinion soon changes. Indirect characterization shows that Levin is actually a humble man. When thinking of Kitty and her feelings for him, Levins thoughts said, He heard that women often did care for ugly and ordinary men, but he did not believe it (39). Levin believesShow MoreRelatedThe Sonnet Form: William Shakespeare6305 Words   |  26 Pagesmad with evermore unrest, My thoughts and my discourse as madmen’s are, At random from the truth vainly expressed;   Ã‚  Ã‚  For I have sworn thee fair and thought thee bright,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Who art as black as hell, as dark as night. In many ways, Shakespeare’s use of the sonnet form is richer and more complex than this relatively simple division into parts might imply. Not only is his sequence largely occupied with subverting the traditional themes of love sonnets—the traditional love poems in praise of beauty

George Washington Presidential Outline Free Essays

George Washington I. Background- Birth-February 22, 1723 Death- December 14, 1799 II. Quote- â€Å"The time is now near at hand which must probably determine whether Americans are to be freemen or slaves. We will write a custom essay sample on George Washington Presidential Outline or any similar topic only for you Order Now . . . The fate of unborn millions will now depend, under God, on the courage and conduct of this army. Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us no choice but a brave resistance or the most abject submission. We have therefore to resolve to conquer or die. † (General orders, July 2, 1776) III. Prior occupations- Captain and Colonel in Virginia militia Plantation owner/Farmer Service in the Virginia House of Burgesses Delegate to the First Continental Congress General of the American Army IV. Dates in Office- 1789-1792 1793-1797 V. Prominent issues of elections- Washington was elected unanimously and did not host a campaign VI. Opponents of terms- N/A VII. Vice President- John Adams VIII. Political Parties- President- N/A Congress- IX. Foreign Policy- * Washington’s Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) says that the United States will remain neutral in the series of wars between the French and English as a result of the French Revolution. This proclamation was not viewed favorably by the American people who despised the British and thought that the United States should help the French in hopes of prolonging the Franco-American Alliance. Washington issued this proclamation in spite of these arguments because he saw that remaining neutral in European conflicts as the only way to insure the continuance of the United States. * The Genet Affair (1793) was a series of problems that the French emissary Edmund Charles Genet caused while in the United States. Genet immediately started to drum up support for the French from among the American people, especially here the Republican-Democrats were influential. Genet even went as far as to outfit privateers to attack Spanish Florida. When Washington tried to deport the emissary, he realized that Genets political party had fallen from power and would be killed on his return. Washington allowed Genet to remain in the United States. * Jay’s Treaty with England (1794) was an at tempt by the United States and Britain to settle the problems remaining between them after the War of Independence by representatives of both countries with Chief Justice John Jay acting for the United States. It was almost not supported by the United States because Jay was a Federalist and the Jeffersonians believed that he had forfeited American rights during the treaty in order to appease Britain. The treaty was successful in solving many of America’s grievances but also heightened tensions between the two political parties. * The Pinckney Treaty (1795) was a treaty with Spain carried out by Thomas Pinckney to determine a definite border between Spanish Florida and the southern boundary of the United States, free navigation of the Mississippi by American traders and established trading relations between the United States and Spain. Washington’s Farewell Address (1796) was an urge from him to the American people and the next President to keep the fledgling country from involving itself in foreign affairs so that the United States could develop more economically and militarily. This leads to the American isolationist mentality for most of its existence. X. Domestic Policy * Washington elected unanimously to be the first president of the United States (1789) * The Judiciary Act (1789) created a three tiered national court system that upheld the principle of the Federal government’s supremacy while also compromising with the States rights. Bill of Rights (1791) added to the constitution to appease anti-federalists who believed that the Federal Government would squash the states and the people. These amendments helped to help people see the good in a central government. * First Bank of the United States charted (1791) by Congress as a response to Hamilton’s financial plan. This congressional decision lead to creation of the Hamilton-lead Federalists and the Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans along with controversy over the central governments jurisdiction for years. * Vermont is first admitted to the union after the original 13 colonies (1791) Washington begins second term as president (1793) * The Fugitive Slave Act (1793) was passed by co ngress to prohibit the freeing of persons â€Å"held to Service and Labour. † It made freeing slaves illegal and forced States to return and/or help locate any fugitive slaves in the boundaries, regardless of whether they were a slave-free state or not. To do so, the act recognized the roles of â€Å"agents† in recovering these fugitives, authorized judges and magistrates to oversee transfers of slaves, and imposed a fine on any person helping runaway slaves. This was the start of the real slavery issue in the United States. The Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794) was battle between the Miami Indian tribes lead by Little Turtle and the American Army lead by General Anthony Wayne. Wayne was more prepared than his predecessors and successfully crushed the Miami tribes in Ohio. * Treaty of Greenville (1795) was signed between the Miami Confederacy and the United States to stop aggressions between the two groups. The United States benefitted from this treaty more because the C onfederacy seceded approximately 25,000 square miles of territory in the Ohio are, more than half of present day Ohio. Naturalization Act (1795) was passed by congress to allow â€Å"†¦ any alien, being a free white person, may be admitted to become a citizen of the United States. † This was the first law to define restrictions on who may or may not become a citizen of the United States. XI. Economic Policy- * Samuel Slater sets up first American factory (1790) * Alexander Hamilton’s Financial plan (1790) helps to unite the United States through a common problem of debt XII. Supreme Court- None XIII. Social Events- * Whiskey Rebellion (1794) was a revolt by Western Pennsylvanian farmers protesting the new taxes on whiskey. Disbanded by Washington-lead militia without blood-shed. XIV. New Technologies- * Cotton Gin invented (1793) which leads to an increase in cotton growth and the Southern economy XV. Presidential Evaluation- George Washington was a president of the highest measures. He set up the office of the president almost single-handedly and had to settle disgruntled farmers in western Pennsylvania that were specters of the original Revolutionaries. He also had to juggle both the British and French harassments and also choose to not support the new French government in their war against Britain. That choice was unpopular among many of the American people but he kept to his decision because he wanted to make sure that his new nation would continue to exist and hold its own against any foreign power in the future. To rate George Washington is an extremely difficult thing to do. The man set the guidelines of the presidency and was always looking out for the good of the government and the people. I will rate him 10/10 because he is the guideline for all the other presidents to compare to. XVI. Themes- War and Diplomacy- * How to cite George Washington Presidential Outline, Papers

Apush Brinkley free essay sample

The failure to ratify the Treaty of Versailles was mainly due to the lack of ability to compromise between Lodge and Wilson. . The idea of maintaining the stance that America would stay UN-involved n foreign affairs. 2. Treaties to replace the Treaty of Versailles and the League of d. The Washington Conference was an attempt to prevent a costly naval Nations armaments race between America, Britain, and Japan. Hughes proposed a plan for dramatic reductions in the fleets of all three nations and a ten years moratorium on the construction of large warships. This was mostly an attempt to create a kind of safety net for the U. S to keep from getting into war again. E. The Kellogg-Brand Pact was a diplomatic treaty outlawing war as an instrument of foreign policy- protect the peace f. These are connected to the retreat to isolationism because we were trying to create systems to keep us out of any foreign problems. We will write a custom essay sample on Apush Brinkley or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3. International Debt and Diplomacy g. Calvin Coolidge was opposed to offering aid to those in debt, the general attitude of our gob. Was they hired the money, didnt they? suggesting that they could pay it back. . One major problem of debt was the circular pattern the money was making: we gave Germany a loan, the lent it to France/England, France gave it back to us- resulting in no solution. The debt these nations acquired caused an imbalance of trade. I. Charles G. Dates, an American banker, negotiated an agreement between France, Britain, Germany, and America by stating (how plan worked) that American banks would provide huge loans to Germany (allowing them to meet their reparations. In return, Britain and France would agree to reduce the amount of those payments. However, Dates plan did little to solve the problem it addressed- (what it did) creating a growing economic presence in Germany, along with a growing circular pattern of international finance. It was an attempt to stabi lize J. High tariffs caused additional problems, the Forefend-Encumber Act Germany. As designed to protect American product by raising the tariff rate to 38%. This gave the president the power to raise the percentage on any product he felt necessary. This was passed in the beginning to protect the farmers, who were taking a post WI decline, this tariff hoped to use the surplus on a domestic level and eventually leak into international trade- this effected the European nations trying to pay back debts because they were unable to export goods and make a profit. 4. Failure of New Era Diplomacy, Hoover and the World Crisis k. Hovers attempts to help included placing a moratorium on war debt loans- meaning European nations did not have to make payments for six months. During this time Hoover hoped to stabilize the currency and stop the circular cycle. This idea caused Hoover to be given very little support in America- resulting the idea to die before he really had the chance to work with it. Disarmament- Hoover was trying to extend the ideas of the Washington Conference and the Kellogg-Brand Pact. L. Rise of Dictatorships: In the Soviet Union Joseph Stalin became dictator in 1929 and Bonito Mussolini came to the front of Italy in 1925, Doll Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933, and later on dictator, and Hide Tool led Japan. Germany stopped reparation payments and occupied czar valley, Soviet Union was persuading expansion against borders, Japan was invading China and extending its power into China, Mussolini invades Africa. Anything we wanted to do in terms of peace and disarmament was in shambles. M. U. S. Foreign Policy crumbles: there was the choice to be interventionists: and try to influence things before they happened (economic, military, political) or move into Nationalism that we relied on our own devices for dealing with problems at hand. . Isolation, Isolationism and Nationalism n. World Economic Conference- London, 1933. Roosevelt went off the gold standard and said they were going to make payments, limit loans to end cycle, and the negotiations in 1933 fell apart because other nations were not willing to move away from backings of gold and silver. Roosevelt in 1934 foreboded American banks to make loans to foreign countries- hoping to end that circular systems- which it did. These were isola tionist ideas because we were going on our own standard. Roosevelt helped international trade by pushing through the reciprocal trade agreement act- empowered Roosevelt to lower tariff rates as much as 50% to get some currency flowing internationally and positively. Roosevelt also broke with past policies by recognizing the Soviet Union- hoping to establish strong trade, not very successful but an attempt to expand trade. However Roosevelt was too late and economic crisis deepened. America began turning to isolationism. O. They also forayed trading on the basis of loans. The concept of cash and carry came out of these acts- if companies were going to trade with belligerence in war, the only way that was okay was if it was paid for in cash. Q. Failure of appeasement, Munich: This marks the end of creating an international policy. Hitler went through a series of marches with no opposition. Appeasement is the idea of giving someone what they wants to get them to shut up, even though it isnt good for them. The Munich Conference Hitler lies and promises that the expansion was over. Hitters book, Mien Kampala explained he was going to continue expanding. R. Isolation as a tort to appeasement: Our tailored to become part to the international community in 1920 created problems throughout the world because there was no enforcement. The U. S. Didnt get involved because we were involved one time and were rejected (14 points) 6. From Neutrality to Intervention s. Western Europe Falls, Great Britain alone:

Water Polo a Sport Like Any Other free essay sample

Under pressure, the clock is ticking and they either need to pass the ball or shoot. No one is open so they push off of their defender, pull up above the water with the ball in their hand. They look at the goalie, and fake that they are going to throw the ball with a few quick flicks of their wrists and their poker faces on, finally, they extend their arm back like a boomerang, within a blink of an eye, they hurl the ball with all their force and THUD! That’s the sound of the ball hitting the back of the goal at approximately fifty miles per hour. Football, Basketball, and Baseball are the most popular sports in America. Water polo is a combination of swimming, basketball, and football; but played in water, yet water polo is not among the most respected. In fact, people forget about it all together. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Polo: a Sport Like Any Other or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Land sports are considered the toughest and most physically demanding sports, but why not water polo? Water polo is just as grueling and aggressive maybe even more, so why is it the most underrated sport? It has all of the added elements in most popular land sports, with an x factor because you also have to be able to keep yourself afloat all while navigating yourself and the ball through the water. Anyone who thinks this is inferior to land sports is clearly fooling themselves. From afar, the players seem to drift effortlessly through the water, and this could be why people don’t think twice about water polo; but when you move up close you can hear the grunts and gasps of exertion. You see waves of water moving aggressively crashing back and forth. As players rise from under the water they reveal scrapes and cuts all over their arms and at least a few players may be sporting impressive black eyes, and the players view these injuries as their badge of courage. It doesn’t look like kids playing in the pool, it looks like a battle field, with each player doing everything they can to survive their opponent’s attempt to drown them. You see that after every goal,missed shot, there is a turnover, and that means a sprint back down to the other side of the pool. After 4 quarters of this, even the most fit of players are exhausted. Three times a week, I would wake-up at 5 in the morning and hop into a pool and work out until my legs could not hold me above the water anymore. Then, I had to swim a mile and a half up and down the pool, while trying to steer the ball in front of me. We practiced some techniques such as dribbling and shooting, it definitely wasn’t as easy as it looked. I was only allowed to touch the ball with one hand at a time. The ball was wet and slippery making the techniques I was learning very difficult to perform. When shooting, I couldn’t touch the ground with my feet which made it more difficult to aim and throw hard. I am constantly treading water, rising up into the air to shoot and block shots. So you can image how upset I get when this sport doesn’t get the same respect as other sports do. This sport is like most land sports, but in water; which in my book makes it a lot more exciting and fun to watch. You will be on the edge of your seats from start to finish. This sport is fast pace and unpredictable. Anything can happen. You watch each player each player working together as a team to get that ball past the goalie. You hear the players screaming at each other, calling out for the ball, moving around, trying to get pass the other player. Like basketball, you see each player constantly under pressure from the ticking of the shot clock, and the reliance of their teammates and coach on making the right move throughout the game. This game is one that you need to be there physically as well as mentally. It is like all other sports a game where work and determination is needed as well as fitness and athletic ability.

Giotto di Bondone Essays

Giotto di Bondone Essays Giotto di Bondone Paper Giotto di Bondone Paper Giotto di Bondone was born at Vespignano, near Florence, in 1276. He died at Florence on January 8, 1337. The son of a peasant, he became the pupil of Cimabue, then later, the head at Florence of a celebrated school of painters. His works include twenty-eight frescoes in the aisle of the upper church of S. Francis dAssisi, under those by Cimabue; the frescoes on the ceilings of the lower church of S. Francesco dAssisi, and an altarpiece (according to Vas ri the most completely executed of all his works); thirty-eight frescoes in the Capella dellArena at Padua; the frescoes of four chapels in Santa Croce, Florence, two of which have been destroyed; and a very small number of genuine panel-pictures. The extant public record of Giotto’s life is sparse but never-the-less telling. It reveals a personality whose range of interests and abilities is startling. It charts the course of a man who successfully moved and operated in the widely divergent worlds of business, theology and art. The public record also describes a man who, in a time when political overtones colored all aspects of society, not only survived but flourished. Was he therefore, as some have claimed, a voice of his time or was he, as others argue, a divinely inspired prophet of the future? A prophet is usually understood to be one who stands outside of society calling attention in a loud and often strident voice to that which is amiss in the culture, yet the record shows Giotto to be a man who was accepted by his peers, befriended by the elite, honored for his achievements and rewarded financially for his accomplishments. : While there is no denying that Giottos art was profoundly influenced by the Franciscan movement with its emphasis on recognizing the human in Christ and the divine in man, (Ferguson, 300) the records which give us glimpses into Giottos personal life, show that the Franciscan call to poverty was not one that he lived out in his life. Lest this definition of a prophet relegate Giotto by default to the category of a man of his time, from the critical perspective, it would be a mistake to anchor Giotto in either of these categories for what we know of him breaks the hard, brittle molds. Giotto di Bondone is an enigma, a contradiction dispelling the mythical stereotypes. Often called the father of Western painting, Giotto created a great revolution in painting. Although he remained faithful to some principles of his tradition, his source of style is most likely from the Roman school of painting which is characterized by a great interest in the sculptural rendering of form (Horst de la Croix and Tansey, 537). For instance, Giottos Paduan frescoes contained several characteristics new to that period. First, the beginning of spatial perspective provided a shallow space where figures could be placed to the front, middle or rear realistically. Secondly, figures were drawn with three divisional qualities of roundness and weight. Third, there was an overall surface pattern which emphasized the main features of the action, such as the direction of movement of figures against a partially realistic landscape. Finally, there was a continued awareness of the allegorical, symbolic or figural significance of the subjects of the painting (Holms, 210). Traditionally, medieval art was an art of copyists, of the transcription of traditional picture cycles into a more or less individual idiom (Gombrich, 150); however, in all styles the artist has to rely on a vocabulary of forms, and that it is the knowledge of this vocabulary rather than a knowledge of things that distinguishes the skilled from the unskilled artist. What is more, it remains important that there exists a natural pull toward the schematic which artists such as Giotto succeeded in overcoming (Gombrich, 293). In Italy, the new developments in art have been traced to panel-paintings and to the frescoes and other such monumental forms of art: If the most decisive moment in the history of Western painting had to be pinpointed to one day and one place, it could be the day in Padua more than six and a half centuries ago when Giotto rinsed out his brushes and took a last look around at the cycle of frescoes he had just completed for a chapel. In the lower section of the fresco on the chapels entrance wall, where the Last Judgement is pictured, Giotto makes clear that the building is a placative gift (Canaday, 6). In Giottos fresco cycles framed scenes are linked much as Dante joined the cantos in his epic poem, the Divina Comedia. Also, the narrative style demanded a convincing setting and Giottos perspective represented a method of depicting a scene from a certain vantage point. The narrative style was developed by the fourteenth century artist in order to depict a greater naturalness and intensified dramatic expression in his painting and to bring the heavenly subjects within the realm of understandable human feeling (Canaday, 5). The best early example of this style is Giottos fresco paintings in the Arena Chapel in Padua where the individual scenes on the chapel walls provide a majestic progression of the story from one section to the next with each incident conceived in its own emotional air just as a unit in a symphony† (Canaday, 6). The story is told with technical realism, tenderness and a passion that involves the viewers as vicarious participants. The human drama which has been elevated to a noble scale, purifies us through pity, if not through terror† (Canaday, 12). Because of this, Giotto is called the first Renaissance artist in that he humanized the narration of the Christian story and in doing so, opened a tradition of reference to nature. As a great artist also in the classical tradition, he ennobled man in his physical being as a vessel of the intellect and the spirit† (Canaday, 12).

Capstone IP 5 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Capstone IP 5 - Research Paper Example ess mainframe, as well as distribution of infrastructure for information technology applications, since the time of their security product spin off into Total Defense (Ambos, Andersson & Birkinshaw, 2010). Therefore, the company engages in IT management software and solutions, and it facilitates optimization of IT by their customers with the aim of achieving enhanced business results. The company’s goal is to become a strategic partner upon whom the customers can rely as far as the adoption of new technologies is concerned, and at the same time, realize maximum value from the existing investments in IT (Ambos, Andersson & Birkinshaw, 2010). In this respect, therefore, the company has sought to employ a customer-centric strategy where the customer is at the center stage of the business, in which the company believes it can best achieve its goals. With this, the technical support of the CA Technologies has been made the lynchpin that helps the customers realize maximum value of the CA Technologies investment (Ambos, Andersson & Birkinshaw, 2010). The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is a multinational corporation for technology and consulting based in the United States. The company deals in manufacturing and marketing of computer software and hardware, in addition to offering infrastructure, consulting and hosting services in a wide range of areas, beginning from the nanotechnology to mainframe computers (Kane & Alavi, 2007). IBM boasts of over 12 research laboratories all over the world, and is also the leading company in patent generation for over 20 years. New services and products are important to the performance and survival of any organization. The introduction of new products, as observed by both IBM and AC Technologies, enhances the firm’s ability to meet the new demands on the market and facilitate the establishment of new generations of technology (Ambos, Andersson & Birkinshaw, 2010). A major logic within innovation in these

Strategy Development And Implementation Term Paper

Strategy Development And Implementation - Term Paper Example This report stresses that the specific chapter of the book Art of War refers to a critical issue regarding a battle: the tactical disposition. The term tactical disposition incorporates two elements: securing that there is no risk of defeat from enemy, trying to identify a chance for defeating the enemy. The specific chapter highlights the importance of alternative techniques for developing a battle. This paper makes a conclusion that the identification of appropriate tactics for securing the effectiveness of a strategic business plan can be a challenging task. Moreover, it has been proved that the ability of strategic planners to identify and evaluate appropriately all risks related to a particular plan is not standardized. In fact, it seems that each strategic planner uses a different approach for evaluating business needs. In this way, most business plans are often exposed to high risks, a problem that it is usually revealed with a significant delay, when the potentials for resolving the relevant problem are limited. The use of existing theoretical models for developing effective business plans can be a method for securing the success of these plans. The views of Sun Tzu, as included in his book Art of War, would be a valuable theoretical framework of such kind. Even if the above book refers to military strategy, its involvement in business planning cannot be rejected. As prov ed above, the specific book can help strategic planners in increasing the effectiveness of their plans, either in the short or the long term.

Analysis Of Slumdog Millionaire Film Studies Essay

Analysis Of Slumdog Millionaire Film Studies Essay In this assignment I will be describing the structure and the ownership of the UK film industry and exploring the production, distribution and the exhibition of Slumdog Millionaire. I will be also looking at the relationship between films and their production contexts and the relationship between audiences and films. Danny Boyle, a British director, directed the film, Slumdog Millionaire. It was about Jamal, who was Dev Patel, grew up in the slums, who then becomes a contestant in Who Becomes a Millionaire. The events that happen when he was young becomes back to life, when he is being asked questions in the game show. When people watch the movie everyone will have their own interpretation of what the outcome of the story will be. The first half of the film, the colour, style, and subject matter felt reminiscent of City of God, but Danny Boyles distinct shots choices and humour separates the film above the rest. The second half of the film does slow down a bit and the fairy tale ending makes you feel good inside, but it doesnt always bring critics accolades. The bit that attracted the viewers the most was the cultural and social issues highlighted throughout the film. The poverty, violence caused by poverty, and religious discrimination was very prevalent throughout the film. Danny Boyle chose certain shots to show the poverty and desperation of the people of India, without any dialogue he kept the social and cultural context all-visual. Some parts of the film were from a Hollywood style, where they had artists from America, M.I.A. The movie showed some negative aspects of India, where they were slums, poverty, prostitution and robbery. The young boys resorting to violence for food and shelter becomes at times heroic. Young children finding their way to survive and being forced to mature long before their time. India in the past 10 years has drastically changed the countrys economic standing growing the middle class from the rise of industry. TALK ABOUT BOYS AND GIRLS The characteristics of Inde Films are: They are largely driven, they relate individual to a wider social/cultural background, narrative are left often, some do/some dont have closure, there is an emphasis on a documentary style and photography, they deal with real current social issues, narratives can be circular cut up back to front and sometimes simple too, they often deny generic expectation, and independent films tend to have lower budgets, lesser or unknown stars, and they are shot on location. The British and the French were the ones who created the equipment that were needed to make a movie. After the World War happened, the British had changed, where they couldnt make any more movies. The American had a chance to produce quality movies and produce more. Vertical Integration is a style of management control. It is a process of steps in the production, distribution and exhibition of the movie product that are then owned by a company. The big 5 were: Warner, MGM, Paramount, 20th Century Fox and R.KO. They are now: Disney, 20th Century Fox, Universal, Paramount, Columbia, and Warner Brothers. The five owned their own studios, distribution divisions, and theatres. They also signed contracts with actors, actresses, and other filmmaking personnel. They had the scriptwriting, filming, production, and the distribution of a movie. The Little Three are: Universal Pictures, Columbia, and United Studios. The Little 3 owned few or no theatres, so there was no built in guarantee that the films that they made would be shown. Each of them lacked one of the three elements required in vertical integration owning their own theatres. The casting of Slumdog Millionaire constructed and targeted towards different audience segments by looking at the most of the famous Bollywood Stars in India, Anil Kapoor who is the Millionaire host in the film. Anil Kapoor is a famous Indian Actor who appears in most famous Bollywood films. Slumdog Millionaire was Anil Kapoors first role in an international film. Frieda Pinto, is another famous Indian actor, she was starred at Latika. Before she was starred in Slumdog Millionaire, she was modelling for a company called Elite Model Management India for two years. Frieda had won eight Oscars for the film. Her life was transformed as she embarked on a promotional tour round the world, staying in five-star hotels and being driven by chauffeurs. Irfan Khan is an Indian Actor in film, television and theatre. In the movie, Slumdog Millionaire, Irfan Khan has a role of being a police inspector, who he investigates if Jamal cheated in the game show or telling the truth. A R Rahman produced m ostly all of the Bollywood soundtracks. Slumdog Millionaire at times sounds like a mixture of random pieces that dont have much to do with each other. The soundtracks were created with specific visuals in mind. The song, O Saya was one of the two nominated tracks for Best Song at the Oscars, and the other winner being Jai Ho. The past is genuine with rich sounds mirroring the Mumbai cityscape. Jai ho is an essential Rahman track, completed with his favourite vocalist, Sukhvinder Singh. In scene 5 M.I.A make an appearance in Paper Planes, the track is relaxed and carefree. In the first scene A R Rahman uses M.I.A to sing, from Hollywood, distinct an American audience. The soundtrack is really important to India. Cross Media Ownership is where a company owns different media in press. This is terrible for Democracy, there is no incentive for the reporters to investigate and get the story, since the ownership alone decides what news is and what isnt and there is no competition for viewers/readers. It is important because it allows the movie and the companies to get more attention by the audiences. If they wanted to watch a movie they would have to spend money to see it, which will give more money to the company. The slums kids had enjoyed the experience of the movie. The slum kids didnt have to act, they just had to be natural in front of the camera. The slums lived on the side of the rail tracks, which were made out of plastic sheets with tinned roofs. After their movie had been successful, they were invited to the Oscars where they were being interviewed, meeting Hollywood celebrities and they could walk on the red carpet. The movie was to show the viewers how they were living in such conditions in India. In conclusion, the audiences were attracted to the Hollywood film style, and werent not paying attention to the European film style. The European film style had to be changed so more viewers could watch it. Hollywood was high up in the market, where they could afford to make 3D films.

Coming Full Circle in Blue Highways Essay -- Blue Highways

In his traveling diary, Blue Highways, William Least Heat Moon takes a trip to various destinations of unknown worth. His American back roads tour is characterized by the pattern of taking a journey that follows a circle. Least Heat Moon's circular journey is both literal and spiritual. His travels circle the nation, and he gathers history and personality from all corners of America. More importantly, however, Least Heat Moon sets out to fully explore and find himself. He provides the audience with the simple explanation of the circular nature of his journey because "following a circle would give a purpose&emdash;to come around again&emdash;where taking a line would not"(Least Heat Moon 3). Immediately, the reader is faced with William Least Heat Moon's goal to find himself and the wisdom of others. Before his journey began, Least Heat Moon experienced two significant life-changing events. First, the author was abandoned by his wife after being separated for nine months. Then, as a result of declining enrollment, he lost his job teaching English at the Universi...

The Body Shop, Corporate Social Responsibility

The objective of this piece of work is to undertake a critical analysis of the cosmetics company The Body Shop, in terms of its philosophy, business practices and other activities and assess the extent to which the organisation can legitimately be regarded as a socially responsible corporate entity. The concept of corporate social responsibility will necessarily be outlined and discussed to provide a theoretical framework within which the subsequent analysis will itself be located. The study will then explore the organisation’s opposition to animal testing, its support for community trade and commitment to environmental protection. The chosen areas represent three of the five core values that underpin The Body Shop’s mission statement (Appendix 1) the other two being the activation of self-esteem and the defence of human rights, which will not be addressed specifically. It is anticipated that the structure of the study will allow the company’s history, achievements, strengths and limitations in each defined area to be evaluated within a holistic paradigm (Campbell & Kitson, 2008). The values which the company has defined and set for itself will ultimately be used as benchmark criteria against which the organisation will be assessed. Evaluation will therefore be an ongoing and integral part of the analysis, rather than a process that is separate and distinct from it, although the main themes and issues will be drawn together to expose areas of concern and signpost future courses of action. Introduction The Body Shop International PLC is a global cosmetics company launched in 1976 by Anita Roddick and her husband Gordon, which was predicated on ethical principles and the values of environmental sustainability. Generally known as The Body Shop, the company has 2400 stores in 61 countries, two thirds of which are franchised, selling a range of over 1500 products (The Body Shop, 2009a). The company also sells its products through an in home sales programme, The Body Shop at Home, in the United States, Australia and here in the United Kingdom (Carroll & Buchholtz, 2009). One of the first companies to prohibit the use of ingredients tested on animals, The Body Shop also pioneered Community Trade agreements with countries in the developing world. The company is also attributed for shaping ethical consumerism in the way it has produced and retailed its various consumer products. For many years, bolstered by its eco-friendly credentials and ethically focussed marketing strategies, The Body Shop accommodated a decidedly popular position within the public consciousness and for some at least, was seen as the epitome of a socially responsible organisation. In March 2006, The Body Shop was sold to L’Oreal in a  £652. 3 illion takeover deal, netting Anita and Gordon Roddick  £130 million for the firm they had conceived and set up thirty years previously (The Times, 2007). Anita Roddick died in September 2007 of a brain Haemorrhage (BBC News, 2007). Corporate Social Responsibility At its most basic, corporate social responsibility is an umbrella term used to describe the various ways in which organisations strive to ‘integrate social and environmental obligations with their business activities’ (Watson and MacK ay, 2003:625). Put differently, corporate social responsibility is the belief held by increasing numbers of individuals that businesses have responsibilities to society and the community in which they operate, that go beyond their obligations to investors. Although evidence of socially responsible business ventures can be traced back some significant time, the concept of corporate social responsibility in its recognisably modern form is generally regarded as a Twentieth Century phenomenon, finding formal expression in Howard Bowen’s Book ‘Social Responsibilities of the Businessman’ (1953). Bowen defined social responsibilities in the business context as those which are ‘desirable in terms of the objectives and values of our society’ (Bowen, 1953:6). Since then, definitions of corporate social responsibility have become more sophisticated responding to and taking account of changes in the complexity, nature, diversity and size of business organisations operating within an increasingly global context. There are those however who believe that ethical and moral considerations or indeed social responsibility of any kind have no place in business, its operations or processes. Milton Friedman argued that ‘there is one and only one social responsibility of business – to use it resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits’ (Friedman, 1962:133). He disputed that businesses can have responsibilities, ‘Only people can have responsibilities’ he asserted (Friedman, 1970). Friedman viewed business organisations as amoral, accommodating a position that is neither moral nor immoral. In this sense, as long as business takes place in context of open and free competition, is conducted in the spirit of fairness and within the ule of law, questions of social responsibility remain mute. Other theorists link the growth and ascendancy of corporate social responsibility, to the proliferation of ethical consumerism. From this perspective, it is the demands of consumers for products and services that are produced ethically, do not benefit from human exploitation or have no detrimental effects upon the environment, rather than the philanthropic endeavours or altruistic tendencies of business entities that is of most significance (Burchell and Cook, 2006). Irrespective of its precise definition or the theoretical perspective from which it is evaluated, there is little doubt that since its formalised conception, corporate social responsibility has become a major entity on the management and business landscape as well as the object of widespread academic interest. In this context, it appears that the CSR concept has a bright future because at its core, it addresses and captures the most important concerns of the public regarding business and society relationships (Carroll, 1999). Opposition to Animal Testing From the outset, The Body Shop has maintained and publicly declared that it does not test its cosmetic products on animals, nor does it commission others to do so on its behalf, as it considered the practice to be unethical. Indeed, this sentiment became a central facet of the organisation’s philosophy and one that set it apart from its main industry competitors. It is also a policy that has served to define the organisation in terms of its ethical stance and one that has been reaffirmed in many of the company’s publications (The Body Shop, 2006a). In the 1980’s The Body Shop, supported by many of its customers and a wide spectrum of animal protection groups, campaigned for a change in the law on the testing of animals for cosmetics purposes in the UK, Europe, the Netherlands, Japan and Germany. In 1996, The Body Shop presented the European Union with a petition signed by over four million people, objecting to the use of animals in cosmetic testing, which at the time was the largest of its kind ever constructed. The organisation played a significant part in the UK government’s decision in 1998 to ban animal testing for cosmetic products and ingredients. Additionally, the various campaigning activities of Anita Roddick resulted in the banning of finished product tests in Germany and the Netherlands, whilst in Japan The Body Shop was responsible for organising the first major campaign on this issue. In 1995, The Body Shop arranged for the independent auditing of its Against Animal Testing supplier monitoring systems and for their certification using the ISO 9002 quality assurance standard. The organisation was one of the first to sign up to the Humane Cosmetic Standards scheme (HCS) in 1996. This internationally recognised framework was conceived and implemented to enable consumers to easily identify in the purchasing process, cosmetic and toiletry products that have not been tested on animals. In 2004, The Body Shop Foundation (BSF) awarded  £20,000 to The Centre for Alternatives to Animal Testing at John Hopkins University to support research into alternatives that might eradicate the need for animal testing entirely. In 2005, the Royal Society for the Protection of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) awarded the company first place in the cosmetics category for ‘Achieving Higher Standards of Animal Welfare’ in recognition of its efforts on this issue (RSPCA, 2005). The following year, it was awarded first place in the ‘Best Cruelty-Free Cosmetics category by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). Lauren Bowey of PETA said at the time of the presentation that ‘The Body Shop is a driving force in promoting a more humane lifestyle. By renouncing animal tests, The Body Shop has shown beauty doesn’t have to have an ugly side’ (The Body Shop, 2006b). In 2008, the RSPCA once again recognised the achievements of The Body Shop, by presenting it with the Good Business Award and in 2009 the society bestowed its ultimate accolade, A Lifetime Achievement Award upon the company. The Body Shop was presented with a special lifetime achievement award for its longstanding commitment in campaigning for animal welfare, and for the work of Dame Anita Roddick in being instrumental in driving legislative change, which has seen an European Union wide ban on animal testing come into force this year’ (RSPCA, 2009). Despite its seemingly impressive track record, there are those who argue that The Body Shop’s stance against animal testing did not develop from deeply hel d ethical beliefs concerning animal welfare, but was rather a commercially motivated strategy to enhance the company’s profitability. Anita Roddick, apparently held no strong views on the issue, but after the use of a Not Tested on Animals slogan was proposed by the company’s first cosmetic consultant Mark Constantine and was later proven to have improved sales, her commitment to this cause seemed to shift. Indeed, no mention is made of animal testing or lack thereof in any of the company’s early promotional literature, nor could its customers reasonably deduce The Body Shop’s ethical position on the matter from logos or slogans on the packaging of its initial product lines. It was not until 1987, when The Body Shop undertook a promotional campaign with the British Union Against Vivisection (BUAV) to end testing on personal care products, that the company’s alignment and identification with the issue against animal testing for cosmetics products can be said to have taken place (Entine, 1996). The Not Tested on Animals claim that became almost synonymous with The Body Shop brand has also been the target of much criticism by animal welfare campaigners and others who argue that the statement is clearly and demonstrably false. For example, it is not possible for The Body Shop or any other cosmetics producer to guarantee that its products contain materials or ingredients that have never been tested on animals. All cosmetics contain fragrances, colourings, preservatives and other formulations that must comply with international regulation and certification processes. It is the case that compliance with such regulatory mechanisms almost certainly involves the use of animal testing, even if it is acknowledged that such tests were conducted some time ago. Indeed, The Body Shop’s shift from the use of Not Tested on Animals to the adoption of Against Animal Testing logo in 1989 was influenced to a large extent by legal challenges in Germany and in the United States following complaints from cosmetic companies and animal welfare groups. The objections were not solely concerned with The Body Shop’s unjustified and exaggerated claims, but the organisation’s portrayal that its policies and practises vis-a-vis animal testing were somehow more ethically robust and superior to those of other companies. In making the transition from one position to another, The Body Shop redoubled it publicity campaign giving the impression in the public domain at least, that it was strengthening its opposition to animal testing in the production of its cosmetics. Perhaps the most significant attack against the Body Shop by animal rights supporters and indeed those who subscribed to and took seriously the notion of corporate social responsibility, followed the sale of the company by Anita and Gordon Roddick to L'Oreal in March 2006. Despite vowing to give away the ? 30 million that she apparently made from the sale, Anita was accused of ethical hypocrisy and abandoning the principles that she had espoused during the course of her entrepreneurial career and upon which her Body Shop empire had itself been based. At its core was the policy of opposition to animal testing, a position that was not one shared by L'Oreal and for which Roddick herself had criticised the company in the past (Roddick, 1992). Campaigners against animal testing also pointed to L'Oreal’s link with the Swiss multinational firm Nestle that held a twenty six per cent share in the company (Milmo, 2006). Nestle, had attracted condemnation in the past for its alleged role in promoting baby powder in the developing world and had also been voted as the ‘world's least responsible company’ in an internet poll (Berne Declaration, 2005). Support for Community Trade Community Trade is a system that promotes the purchase of gifts, products, natural ingredients and accessories from communities around the world that are socially or economically marginalised and is a concept that The Body Shop has actively supported for more than twenty years. By allowing producers to access markets that would otherwise be unavailable to them and ensuring that remuneration for the materials, ingredients and products that are supplied is fair and ethical, Community Trade has the very real potential to provide stable sources of income for producers in some of the most socially and economically disadvantaged parts of the world. Indeed, Community Trade and other variants of it such as Fair Trade, is a central pillar of corporate social responsibility and as an identifiable scheme or programme, can have demonstrable benefits for those individuals and groups who participate in it. Under the banner of Trade Not Aid, The Body Shop purchased its first Community Trade products in 1987 from Tamill Nadu, a small community in Southern India. In 1991, Kayapo Indians used their skills to harvest the Brazil nut oil which Body Shop used in one of the company’s bestselling hair conditioning products. Similar projects quickly developed in various parts of the world such as New Mexico where the Pueblo Indians were commissioned to supply The Body Shop with Blue Corn, an essential component of its scrub mask product. Since then, the organisation has identified and worked with trade partners in over twenty countries and is now helping over twenty five thousand people throughout the world to earn a fair wage. It is also that case that more than half of The Body Shop’s core product lines contain one or more ingredients acquired through Community Trade (The Body Shop, 2006c) and that in 2009  £7. 4m was spent to support the Community Trade programme itself (Body Shop, 2009b). Over the years, the Community Trade programme has enabled The Body Shop not only to source high quality, sustainable and demonstrably natural ingredients and other products from across the world, it has allowed the organisation to make a real contribution to the lives and future of those with whom it has developed trading links and partnerships. ‘Community Trade is our commitment to trading fairly and responsibly with suppliers. We actively seek out small-scale farmers, traditional craftspeople, rural cooperatives and even tribal villages, all of them highly skilled experts at their work’ (Body Shop, 2009b). Through its Community Trade programme, The Body Shop has also supported initiatives in its supplier’s local communities, with projects that involved the building of wells, schools, community centres and the supply of educational material to enable learning and the acquisition of knowledge. Indeed, The Body Shop’s pioneering efforts in the area of Community Trade is regarded by many as a model within the cosmetics industry and one that the organisation itself hopes that others will strive to emulate (The Body Shop, 2006c). In 1996, a Code of Conduct was constructed by The Body Shop which outlined the ethical standards to which all of its suppliers should adhere. The Code was developed further in 2005 to ensure its alignment with the Ethical Trade Initiative (ETI) Base Code that sought to identify minimum standards for workers within a global context (The Body Shop, 2005). The Body Shop gave operational expression to the Code by setting up monitoring and assessment systems to ensure compliance by all its suppliers. The Body Shop also worked with those groups whose practices or conditions fell below that which was expected as it believed an educational and awareness raising approach was a more responsible and imaginative way to deal with none compliance than more Draconian responses. Indeed, there is evidence that by engaging with this audit process, suppliers have become more valuable as partners, not only for The Body Shop, but for other retailers and in some cases have caused suppliers to implement their own ethical trade agreements with others further down the supply chain. Whilst The Body Shop would appear to have pioneered the notion of Community Trade, at least if one were to accept the accuracy of the organisation’s publicity and promotional material, some anthropologists and activists have criticised the company for exaggerating the scale and nature of its programmes and other claims that have been made regarding its support for indigenous communities throughout the world. In 1994, it was estimated that Community Trade spending accounted for less than 0. 6 per cent of The Body Shop’s gross sales (Bavaria et al. , 1994). This figure is clearly meagre when compared with the finances of the fair trade organisation Traidcraft, which in the same year disclosed that no less than 31 per cent of its turnover came from fair trade sources (Entine, 1995). Such comparisons are used to question why The Body Shop focuses so much public attention on a programme that accounts for such a small proportion of its total business. Terence Turner, an anthropologist at the University of Chicago has argued that The Body Shop’s purchase of Brazil Nut oil from the Kayapo Indians did nothing to prevent the destruction of the their rain forests, as the company claimed in its public pronouncements. According to Turner, the Kayapo derived most of its income from selling logging and mining concessions on their lands, the very the activities that the Body Shop claimed to have protected through its Community Trade programme. Turner also argued that whilst The Body Shop used images of Kayapo Indians extensively in its stores and in other ‘informational broadsheets’, to enhance its depiction as a culturally sensitive company, the villagers have not been fully compensated for the use of their images by the company in this way (Bavaria et al. , 1994). There is evidence also that some of The Body Shop’s Community Trade associations are patronising and have brought mixed economic benefits for producers, whilst creating tensions, divisions and evoking widespread disruption to the existing social order for indigenous communities. It has certainly not helped the Indians come together as one people; on the contrary, it has contributed to internal antagonisms and divisions, not to mention social dislocation and alienation which recently ruptured the community completely’ (Corry, 1993:11). Environmental Protection As one would expect from a company that has aligned itself so fundamentally with ethical principles in its business practices and operations, environmental protection forms a significant part of The Body Shop’s philosophy of sustainable development. Indeed, since its creation, the organisation has supported the use of technologies and materials that cause minimal harm to the environment and its inhabitants and has promoted the use of resources and ingredients in its product lines that are renewable and sustainable. In 1976, when The Body Shop set up its first UK store in Brighton, it was the one of the first cosmetics companies to provide a refill service and actively encourage its customers to return their used containers and packaging for recycling, a practice that continues today (Roddick, 2006). In continuing its tradition of waste reduction The Body Shop has recently introduced plastic bottles made from one hundred per cent recycled material, an initiative that built upon the company’s replacement of all its carrier bags in 2008 with recycled and recyclable paper bags, the environmental benefits of which are apparent (The Body Shop, 2006d). The Body Shop also sources wood products through suppliers who are Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certified and hopes ultimately to become a carbon neutral retailer by 2010 (The Body Shop, 2006d). In seeking to turn the rhetoric of its environmental protection objectives into reality, the Body Shop is constantly exploring new ways to improve business practices that result in the reduction of the company’s carbon footprint. Many of its stores have already benefitted from structural refurbishment projects that have resulted in energy efficiencies and more are planned in the future as part of an ongoing programme. Low energy lighting and heating systems, conversion of company cars to lower emission models and the reduction of air travel by Body Shop staff are all hoped to contribute towards the longer term objective of carbon neutrality. Where it is possible, The Body Shop is also committed to using renewable sources of energy to run its offices, stores and warehouses throughout the world. In the UK for example, sixty five per cent of its stores are linked to renewable energy contracts. Such energy saving and conservation strategies have been underpinned by awareness training for staff members, which it is hoped will lead to further reductions in the company’s use of finite environmental resources (The Body Shop, 2009d). Although regulatory changes are planned in the future (DEFRA, 2006) public companies are not currently compelled by law to report on their environmental record, unlike the publication of financial statements, nor indeed maintain systems though which such data can be accurately captured. It is the case however that The Body Shop voluntarily published three independently verified environmental statements in 1992, 1993 and 1994, each of which met the criteria of the European Union Eco-Audit, which is now the Eco-Management and Audit scheme (EMAS). In 1994, The Body Shop enhanced and developed its environmental reporting strategy, by combining it with evidence based information of its performance and progress in a number of other areas. The outcome was the production of The Body Shop’s Values Report 1997, a document that is often seen as ‘one of the most significant social performance reports ever prepared’ (Carroll & Buchholtz, 2009:798) and for which the company developed its own ethical auditing methodology (The Body Shop, 2008). Since then The Body Shop has produced further Values Reports, the latest of which includes contributions from a stakeholder’s panel and an external advisor Alan Knight. Alan serves on the UK Sustainable Development Commission and is a highly respected voice, whom we felt would challenge and provoke us’ (The Body Shop, 2009:8). Despite the apparently positive stance taken by The Body Shop on matters of environmental protection and its portrayal in the public domain as the very epitome of a progressive company, there are those who have challenged this perception and rather than being a champion of green issues within the cosmetics industry, believe the org anisation is concerned more with the pursuit of profit than it is with saving the planet (Suzuki, 1996). Whilst publicly declaring its commitment to recycling, The Body Shop has in the past printed its catalogues on ReComm Matte paper, a product produced by Georgia Pacific, a company based in Atlanta notorious for its environmental problems and the large scale harvesting of rainforest timber. Sources within The Body Shop at the time said that the firm had switched from the post-consumer waste recycled paper it was then using to the Georgia Pacific product in January of 1993, apparently because it was cheaper and glossier than the material it had replaced (Entine, 1996). The Body Shop has also phased out the use of reusable and more easily recyclable unbreakable glass containers in favour of plastic receptacles made from petrochemicals that are not recyclable in the majority of markets within which The Body Shop operates. Once again, sources within the company suggest that this move was motivated by escalating shipping costs and thus the imperative to save money, although was apparently promoted in the media and within company literature as being environmentally progressive. There is also evidence that some of The Body Shop’s processing operations have resulted in the discharge of non-biodegradable and some toxic chemicals into local sewerage systems. David Brook, former head of The Body Shop’s United States Environmental Department has confirmed a number of incidents that involved the leaking of materials from the company’s facility in New Jersey. This is underpinned by public records held by the Hanover Sewerage Authority that cites three cases of discharge, although Michael Wynne, an official with the organisation suspected that there were probably more (Entine, 1994).

Analysis Of The Poem The Dead - 2307 Words

McCrea and Cheng have differing views on the role of identity within Joyce’s â€Å"The Dead.† McCrea argues that identity is incomplete because of the limitations of language whereas Cheng argues that the cultural atmosphere shapes identity. I, however, agree with certain aspects of both arguments. Firstly, I believe that McCrea’s focus on failed communication is needed to understand the nature of identity within â€Å"The Dead;† however, McCrea incorrectly blames everything on the failure of language, when the individual and society is also partly responsible. Therefore, I believe that Cheng’s argument, that the environment partly forms identity, is valid; however, he needlessly restricts the Conroys’ identities by directly comparing them to Britain and Ireland. I will use Cheng’s focus on a culturally formed identity in tandem with McCrea’s thematic focus on failed communication within â€Å"The Dead† to answer the ques tion of why Gabriel Conroy’s identity fades at the end of â€Å"The Dead† (248). To answer this question, I will consider Gabriel’s personal thoughts about himself, others, and how he responds to each challenge he receives to his personhood. First, we must discuss the state of Gabriel’s identity before it fades. Before it fades, he is misunderstood. This fact is seen when Gabriel has a conversation with Lily. During this conversation, Gabriel exclaims that â€Å"I suppose we ll be going to your wedding one of these fine days with your young man† (197). Lily responds, with â€Å"greatShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem The Dead 1416 Words   |  6 Pages The Dead Muse: A Critical Analysis of The Raven Your Name Your University â€Æ' The Dead Muse: A Critical Analysis of The Raven The Raven by Edgar Allen Poe is a very famous poem which intricately weaves layer upon layer of meaning through singsong verses. Combining allusions to literature, mythology and religion, the poem tells many stories at once while evoking a feeling of nonsense and a descent into insanity. It is hard to understand what the poem is about—if anything at all, and Poe does notRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Dead 1672 Words   |  7 Pagesher money. It is set on this day, because it highlights Gabriel’s epiphany. He is there to break traditions, because they are either dead or dying, just like the Christ. He brings more modern views in regards to how the people respond and remember the dead. The dead in the story are the old traditions that they hold. Also, the memories the people there have on the dead from their past. Specifically, Gretta’s first love, Michael Furey. Gabriel is different from other party guests as he is more modernRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Living Dead 1479 Words   |  6 PagesThe Living Dead: An Analysis of Emily Dickinson’s 1861 version of â€Å"Safe in their Alabaster Chambers—â€Å" Assorted critics commonly believe that Emily Dickinson’s 1861 version of â€Å"Safe in Their Alabaster Chambers—† indicates the speaker’s mood about death and religion. One critic’s view, specifically Brent E. Kinser, coincides with the common perception, and adds that she signifies the inevitability of death in the universe (Kinser 144). In his periodical, â€Å"Dickinson’s SAFE IN THEIR ALABASTER CHAMBERS†Read MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Dead 1399 Words   |  6 Pageswould have happened given a certain set of circumstances, but a story all the same. 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She removed leeches from her body with numb fingers and slight pain and annoyance as the chill of the cold ground permeated her tired cold bones in a place just past pure exhaustion. Her heart raced with a sluggish gurgle in her heart and she could feel it inRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Burial Of The Dead 2047 Words   |  9 PagesThe third and the fourth sections of The Waste Land share the images of ‘fire’ to rebuild the images of ‘death and birth’ and connect them to the first section â€Å"The Burial of the Dead†. â€Å"The Fire Sermon† assumes the life after death, through Buddhism, and the medieval Christianity: Burning burning, Burning Burning O Lord Thou Pluckest O Lord Thou Pluckest Burning (TWL, 307-311) The fire image here represents the desires of the human beings yet is theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Dead Poets Society 863 Words   |  4 PagesDead Poets Society is a 1989 film which tells the story of a group of boys who were in a strict private school, Welton Academy, where they must study rigorously. 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